Wednesday, October 4, 2017

Teaching with Technology

Technology has become commonplace in classrooms across the world. From computers, to interactive whiteboards, to smartphones, technology is augmenting learning in increasingly complex ways. From the new Digital Technologies curriculum from the Ministry of Education, to blended and online learning initiatives in tertiary institutions, technology also has the capacity to significantly impact the manner in which ESOL teachers do their jobs.

However, there are significant barriers when adopting technology. For example, equipment can be costly, many online services have associated charges, and appropriate professional development can be elusive. That being said, technology has the capacity to allow for personalized learning, enhanced collaboration, and more time on the provision of feedback.

In order to ensure that technology affects learning in a positive manner, it is critical that educators have a strong understanding of the many ways in which it can alter the teaching and learning process. Thankfully there are a range of frameworks which can be used to guide and understand the implementation of tech tools.

One such framework is the SAMR framework[1], by Ruben Puentedura. SAMR stands for Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition. Essentially, this framework helps teachers identify the outcome of employing any particular tech tool. Technology may act as a direct substitute, with no functional change. Conversely, technology may allow for extensive redefinition of a task; allowing for previously unavailable pathways of learning. When employing technology in the classroom, it is important that we are adding value.

In Yong Zhao’s 2015 article [2]on the need for a paradigm shift to cultivate 21st century learners, he pointed to several ways in which technology could be of benefit. These included personalized learning, ownership of the learning process, and enhanced collaboration.
Fortunately, there are a number of tools available that allow us to achieve these types of benefit, while modifying or redefining ESOL learning.  This article introduces a web-based reading platform as well as a collaborative tool.

Readtheory.org [3]is an online platform which allows teachers to form classes and have students complete level-appropriate reading comprehension tasks. The tasks are computer-adaptive; as students get more answers correct, the reading will become more challenging. Student level is based on an initial reading comprehension task. As a teacher, the real power of this tool comes through in the progress reports which teachers can access. Teachers can see how many tasks students have completed, how many tasks were above the pre-test level, as well as the students lexile level. In addition, teachers can see which question types students have struggled with (e.g. key ideas, details, structure, or integration of knowledge). All in all, this provides some powerful insight into our students’ reading abilities.

Padlet [4]is a collaborative tool which can be accessed via a computer or smartphone app. Padlet promotes itself as “paper for your screen,” and it very much is. One way to think of it is like ‘sticky notes’ which can be posted on a wall. I’ve used Padlet to provide grammar practice. I ask students to post examples of correct usage of a given tense. Students then write these into Padlet. The power of Padlet as a tool, however, is that students post in real-time. Students see others’ contributions as they are making their own and can offer feedback on incorrect language (or notice errors in their own post). This makes for a truly collaborative, engaging experience.

That being said, technology does have potential drawbacks. Many of these are barriers to implementation. For example, the cost of equipment or online services. In addition, finding the right tool for the job can be a challenge given the abundance of available tools. In order to navigate these barriers and overcome the potential pitfalls, online communities are a great help. On Facebook, there are groups such as #AusELT. In addition, there are blogs such as “Nik’s QuickShout.”

By using technology in an intelligent way, we can truly redefine the classroom experience.



[1] elearning.tki.org.nz/professional-learning/Teacher-inquiry/SAMR-model
[2] http://zhaolearning.com/2015/04/06/a-world-at-risk-an-imperative-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-cultivate-21st-century-learners1
[3] https://readtheory.org
[4] https://padlet.com

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